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\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/span><\/p>\n <\/a>[1] \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635: 37.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n – Robetson, D, S(1998) the new Renaissance\u00a0: computers and the next level of Civilization. Oxford university Press, Etats-Unis.<\/p>\n – Scott, J, C(1998) Seeing Like a State\u00a0: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven Yale university Press.<\/p>\n [2] \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635: 38.<\/p>\n – Gate, J, et Privacy working Group. (1995) Privacy and the National Information Infrastructure: Principales for Providing and using Personal Information. Information Policy committee, Information Infrastructure Taske Force. www.aspe.hhs.gov<\/a><\/p>\n [3] \u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 (open Governement) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 open Governement \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n [4] \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 38.<\/p>\n \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (egovernement) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 (open Governement) \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 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\u0635: 38.<\/p>\n [5] \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 38.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (HMRC) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (NHO)\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 16 \u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0635: 37 – 38.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n – George, M(2008). Data protection\u00a0: why are organisations still missing the point\u00a0? Computer Fraud and Security, 2008(6), 5-8<\/p>\n – Privacy International. (2011). United Kingdom-Privacy Profile. Privacy International.<\/p>\n – www.privacyinternational.org\/article\/united.kingdom-privacy-profile<\/a>.<\/p>\n [6] \u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635: 39.<\/p>\n [7] \u00a0\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 39.<\/p>\n \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f 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Tracking the Trackers: Microsoft Advertising. Center for Internet and Society (CIS), Stanford Law School. www.cyberlaw.stanford.edu\/node\/6715<\/a>.<\/p>\n [10] \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635: 40.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n – Clarck, G. (2011). Do not track laws gain US momentum. The register. www.theregister.ca.Uk.<\/p>\n [11] \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635: 41.<\/p>\n4- \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/h2>\n