<\/a>[1] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 263.<\/p>\n

[2] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 264.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

[3] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 264.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Bhowmik, 2005. Street vendors in Asia\u00a0: a review. Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 40, N\u00b0 22 pp 2256-44.<\/p>\n

– Sudarshan, 2012. National Skills development strategies and the urban informal sector\u00a0: the case of India. Background paper for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2012.<\/p>\n

– Deveish and skinna, 2004. Organising workers in the informal economy\u00a0: the experience of self Employed women\u2019s union, 1994-2004. Purban, South Africa School of Development Studies, University of Kwa Zulu-natal<\/p>\n

[4] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 265.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

[5] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 266.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Nicholson, 2007. Accelerated Learning in Post Conflict Settings. Westport, CT, Save the children US.<\/p>\n

– Nkutu, A, Bang and Tooman, 2010. Protecting Children\u2019s right to Education. Evaluation of Norwegian Refugee Council\u2019s Accelerated Learning Programme in Liberia. OSLO.<\/p>\n

– Willims and Bentrovato, 2010. Education and Fragity in Liberia. Paris. UNESCO- international Institute for Education\/planing\/inter. Agency Network on Education in Emergencies.<\/p>\n

[6] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 266.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Paudyal, B 2008.3 the way Paved by TFE. Lalipur, Nepal, Training for Employment Project\/Nepal Alliance for Social Mobilization\/suiss Agency for development and cooperation Nepal.<\/p>\n

[7] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 268.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Angel-Urdinola, D, F, Semlali, and Brodman. S. 2010. Non-public provision of Active Labour Market Prorrams in Arab-Mediterranean Countries\u00a0: An inventory of youth Programs. Washington, DC, World Bank.<\/p>\n

[8] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 266.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Maes and Reed. 2012. State of the Micro credit Summit Campaign Report 2012. Washington, DC, Microcredit Summit Campaign.<\/p>\n

[9] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 266.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a 3652 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 205 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 55% \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0634\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a 1.25 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Banerjee, A, dulfs, and Kinnan, c. 2010. The Miracle of Microfinance\u00a0? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation. Cambridge, MA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<\/p>\n

– Karlan and Valdivia, 2006, Teaching Entrepreneurship: Impact of Business Training on Microfinance clients and Institutions. New\/ CT, Yale University.<\/p>\n

[10] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 2600.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Cacneiro, P, and Ginija, R. 2009. The impact of Providing psycho-social Support to Indigent Families and Increasing their access to social Services\u00a0: Evaluating chile solidario. London, University college. London.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 269.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629) \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– WFP, 2004, H. Report the office of Evaluation Full Report of the Evaluation of Afghanistan PRRO 10233. Rome, World Food Programme. (OEDE\/2005\/1).<\/p>\n

[12] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 264.<\/p>\n

– Card, D,\u00a0Ibarranan, P, Reyalia F, Rosas, and Soares, Y. 2011. The Labor market impacts of youth training in the Dominican Republic\u00a0: evidence from a randomized evaluation. Journal of Labor Economics vol, 29, N\u00b02, pp 267-300.<\/p>\n

– Ibarraran and Rosas Shady\u00a0. 2009. Evaluating the impact of Job training in Latin America: evidence from IDB funded operations. Journal of development Effectiveness, vol: 1, N\u00b0: 2, pp 195-216.<\/p>\n

[13] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 266.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Pezzullo, 2006. Preparing youth for 21 st century jobs\u00a0: \u00b2Entra21\u00b2 across Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/p>\n

Washington, DC\/Baltimore, MD, World Bank\/international Youth Foundation. (Youth Development Notes. Vol, 2, N\u00b0,2).<\/p>\n

[14] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 270.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

[15] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 270.<\/p>\n

[16] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 271.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Subrahmanyam, G 2011. Tackling Youth Unemployment in the Maghreb. Tunis, African Development Bank. [Economic brief]<\/p>\n

[17] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 271.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– World Bank. 2012. Kingdom of Morocco\u00a0: Promoting youth Opportunities and Participation. Washington, DC, World Bank.<\/p>\n

[18] \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 271.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639” \u0635: 271.<\/p>\n

[19] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 272.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Bhatti, Malik and Naveed. 2011. Educational out comes and Poverty\u00a0: Insights from a Quantitative Survey in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Cambridge, UK, Research Consortium on Educational Outcomes and Poverty University of Cambridge (Recoup working Paper, 39).<\/p>\n

[20] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 272.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Riley and Steel. 2000. Kenya voucher programme for training and Business development services. Levitsky, J(ed) Business development Services\u00a0: A Review of International Experience. London. Intermediate Technology Publications, pp 165 \u2013 75.<\/p>\n

– Johanson, R. 2012. Sub-Sahara Africa\u00a0: Regional response to Bank TVET policy in the 1990 s- part 11\u00a0: Case Studies. Washington, DC, World Bank (report. 31509).<\/p>\n

[21] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635” 272.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0648…. \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0643\u0627\u0646 11% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 15 \u064830 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 47% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 9% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 51% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u06402005\/2006\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n

– Baradai. 2012. Au Evaluation of acquired Skills through measurements of potential earning returns to education institution types Background paper for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2012.<\/p>\n

[22] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 272.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Nubler, Hofmann, and Greiner, C. 2009. Understanding \u00a0Informal Apprenticeship\u00a0: Finding from Empirical Research in Tanzania. Geneva, Switzerland, International Labour Office. ] Employment Report, 32[.<\/p>\n

– Walther. 2011. Building Skills in the informal sector. Background paper for EFA global Monitoring Report 2012.<\/p>\n

– Walther and Filipiak, 2007 Vocational Training in the Informal Sector or how to Stimulate the Economies of Developing Countries\u00a0? conclusions of a Field survey African Countries Paris, Agence Fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9velopment.<\/p>\n

[23] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012\u060c \u0635: 273.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 2000 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– ILO. 2008. Apprentice in the Informal Economy in Africa\u00a0: Workshop Report \u2013 Geneva, 3-4 May 2007. Geneva, Switzerland, International Labour Office, Skills and Employability Department. Employment Report, 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"