{"id":32404,"date":"2014-02-21T15:01:58","date_gmt":"2014-02-21T15:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.massarate.ma\/?p=32404"},"modified":"2014-03-04T12:45:44","modified_gmt":"2014-03-04T12:45:44","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.massarate.ma\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-12.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 – 12"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>[1] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635 247<\/p>\n

[2] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 248.<\/p>\n

[3] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 248.<\/p>\n

[4] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 248.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 10 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Winthrop and Smith 2012. A new Face of Education\u00a0: Bringing Technology in to classroom in the Developing World. Washington, DC, Brookings institution.<\/p>\n

[5] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 248.<\/p>\n

[6] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 249.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Annie E Casey Foundation 2012. Kids Count Data Center. Baltimore, MD, Amine E Casey Foundation.<\/p>\n

– Holder, M\u00a0: 2012. Un employment in New York city during the Recession and Early Recovery. Young Black Men Hit the Hardest. New York, community Service Society of New York.<\/p>\n

– Treschan, Richie-baggage,spriano-vasques. 2011. Missed opportunity\u00a0: How New York City cam Do Better Job of Reconnecting Youth on public Assistance to Education and Jobs, New York, community Service Society\u00a0 of new York<\/p>\n

– West at. 2009. Evaluation of the young Adult Internship Program (YAIP): Analysis of Existing Participant Data. New York, New York city Center for Economic Opportunity.<\/p>\n

[7] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 250.<\/p>\n

[8] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 250.<\/p>\n

[9] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 251.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Daniels, J, 2012. Mega-schools, Technology and Teachers\u00a0: Aid Achieving Education for All London\/New York. Routledge.<\/p>\n

[10] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 251.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 27% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u064819% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u2013 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 835 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u2013 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– CEDEFOP. 2011<\/p>\n

– Empowering the young of Europe to Meet labour Market Challenges. Findings from Study Visits 2009\/10. Thessalonki, Greece, European Center for the Development of Vocational Training.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 252.<\/p>\n

[12] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 257.<\/p>\n

[13] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 257.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n

– UN-HABITAT.2008 state of the world\u2019s cities 2010\/2011\u00a0: Bridging the urban Divide. Nairobi, United Nations. Human Settlements Programme.<\/p>\n

[14] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u06392012 \u0635: 257.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 145 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 209. \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 41% \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0635: 258.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n

– Chiang, Y. hannum, E, C and Kao, G. 2011. Who goes, Who Stays, and Who Studies? Gender, Migration, and Educational Decisions among Rural Youth in China. Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylrania.<\/p>\n

[15] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 258.<\/p>\n

[16] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0635: 260.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Baker and Reichardt. 2007. A Review of Urban Development Issues in poverty Reduction Strategies, Washington, PC, World Bank (Urban Papers, 3).<\/p>\n

[17] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 260<\/p>\n

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(…) \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0642\u0627. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0635: 260.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Charmes 2009. Concepts, measurement and trends. Juting. Paud de Laiglesia. R(eds) Is informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries. Paris, Organisation Economic Cooperation and Development pp 27-62.<\/p>\n

– ILO 2011. Statistical Update on Employment in the informal Economy. Genneva. Switzer land, International Labour office.<\/p>\n

– Palmer 2007. Skills Development, the enabling Environment and informal Micro-Enterprise in Ghana Edinburgh. Uk, University Of Edinburg.<\/p>\n

[18] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 262.<\/p>\n

[19] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 263.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20% \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Esquivel, 2010. The informal Economy in Greater Buenos Aires\u00a0: A Statistical Profile. Cambridge MA. Harvard University. ]Urban Policies Research Report, 9[.<\/p>\n

[20] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 263.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Engel, 2012. Review of Policies to strengthen skill employment linkages for marginalized young people Background paper for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2012.<\/p>\n

[21] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 264<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u0646 2008\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (NSDC) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– India NCEUS. 2009. Skill Formation and Employment Assurance in the Unorganised Sector.New Delhi,National commission for in the organized sector.<\/p>\n

– India NSDC. 2011. Concept Papre ou Labour Market Information System. An Indian Perspective New Delhi, National skills Development Corporation. Sudarshan. 2012 National Skills development Strategies and the urban informal sector\u00a0: the Case of India. Background paper for EFA global. Monitoring Report 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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