{"id":32293,"date":"2014-02-11T12:59:04","date_gmt":"2014-02-11T12:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.massarate.ma\/?p=32293"},"modified":"2014-02-21T15:01:58","modified_gmt":"2014-02-21T15:01:58","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.massarate.ma\/%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-11.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 – 11"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c “\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628”[20]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 12 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 600 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u2013 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627[21]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644[22]<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c “\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 “\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a”[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>[1] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635 923.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Patrinos, H, A and Sakellarian. 2006. Estimating the returns to Education, Accounting for heterogeneity in ability-Washington, PC, World Bank (Policy Research Working Paper, 4040).<\/p>\n

– Lall and Sakellarion, 2010. Evolution of Education Premiums in Cabaoolia. 1997-2007. Asian Economic journal, v 24, N\u00b04. pp. 333-54.<\/p>\n

[2] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 277.<\/p>\n

[3] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635: 237.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: “\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0628. \u0635: 237.<\/p>\n

[4] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635: 240.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Altinok. 2012. A new international database on the distribution of student a achievement. Background paper for EFA global Monitoring Report 2012.<\/p>\n

[5] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 240.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

– Wolf, A, 2011. Review of Vocational Education\u00a0: the Wolf Report. London, UK Departement For Education.<\/p>\n

[6] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 240.<\/p>\n

[7] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635: 240.<\/p>\n

[8] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635: 240<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647: \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n

[9] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635: 241.<\/p>\n

[10] \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635: 241\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Engel, J. 2012. Review of policies to strengthen skills-employment for marginalized young people. Background paper for EFA Global Monitoring Report 2012.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635 241.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Kamano, P, J. Rakomalale, \u00a0and Reuge. 2012. Les d\u00e9fis du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif burkinab\u00e9 en appui \u00e0 la croissance \u00e9conomique. Washington, DC, World Bank.<\/p>\n

[12] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 241.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n

– lauglo, J. 2005. Vocationalised secondary education revisited. Lauglo, J. and Maclean, R (eds) Vocationalisation Of Secondary Education Revisited-Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Springer, PP 3-51.<\/p>\n

[13] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 242.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Kaas and Manger 2012. Ethnic Discrimination in Germany\u2019s Labor Market\u00a0: A field Experiment. Born, Germany, Institute for the study of Labour.<\/p>\n

– Drydakis and vlassis, 2007. Ethnic Discrimination in the Geet Labour Market\u00a0: Occupational Acces, Insurance Coverage, and Wage Offers, rethymnon, Greece, University of Crete.<\/p>\n

– Woods and Hayllar. 2009\u00a0: A test for racial Discrimination in Recruitment Practice in British Cities. Norwich, \u00b5UK, UK Department for world and Pensions (Research Report, 607).<\/p>\n

[14] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 242.<\/p>\n

[15] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 243.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 Centre de formation d\u2019apprentis \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 25%\u0627\u0644\u0649 78% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Abriac, D, Rathelot, R, and Sancher, R. 2009. L\u2019apprentissage, entre formation d\u2019insertion professionnelles. INSEE (ed), Formation et emploi. Edition 2009.<\/p>\n

– Paris, Institut national de la statistique et des \u00e9tudes 2conomiques, pp 57-74.<\/p>\n

[16] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 243.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

[17] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 244.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Gonon, 2004. Challenger in the Swiss Vet-System.<\/p>\n

– OECD, 2010. Learning For jobs. Paris, organisation for economic co-operation and development.<\/p>\n

[18] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 245.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Watts and Fretwell. 2004. Public Policies for Career Development: case studies and Emerging Issues for Designing career information and Guidance systems in Developing and transition Economies. Washington, DC, World Bank .<\/p>\n

– Brinton. 1998. From high school to work in Japan: Lessons for the United states? Social science Review, vol. 72. N\u00b04, pp.442-51.<\/p>\n

– Hori,y-2010. School to work transition and employment of youth in non-metropolitan areas. Japan Labor Review. Vol 7, N\u00b0 3, pp 127-43.<\/p>\n

[19] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 246.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a 76 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u06481900 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 32 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0640 13 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647 10200 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. “\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 40% \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– Adams, 2010. The Mubarak Koh Initiative-Dual System In Egypt\u00a0: An Assessment of its Impact on the school to work Transition. Eschborn, Germany, Deutsche Gesellschft Fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit.<\/p>\n

[20] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 246.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627) \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627. \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– World Bank, 2008.<\/p>\n

– Reegiers, X, 2008. L\u2019approche par les comp\u00e9tences dans le monde\u00a0: entre uniformisation et diff\u00e9renciation, entre \u00e9quit\u00e9 et in\u00e9quit\u00e9. In Direct. Les cl\u00e9s de la gestion scolaire. N\u00b0 10, pp 61-77.<\/p>\n

– Tehio, V. 2009. Politiques publiques en \u00e9ducation\u00a0: L\u2019exemple des r\u00e9formes curriculaires\u00a0.Acte du s\u00e9minaire final de l\u2019\u00e9tude par l\u2019approche par comp\u00e9tences en Afrique, 10-12 juin 2009 S\u00e9vres, France, Centre International d4\u00e9tudes P\u00e9dagogiques.<\/p>\n

[21] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635 246<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– NG, P.T 2008. Educational reform in Singapore\u00a0: From quality. Educational Research For Policy and Practice, vol. 7. pp 5-15.<\/p>\n

[22] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 247.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n

– OECD, 2006. ICT and learning. Supporting Out-of-school Youth and adults. Paris organisation For Economic Cooperation and Development.<\/p>\n

[23] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 2012 \u0635: 247.<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639:<\/p>\n

– Cristia, Ibarran, Cueto, Santiago,and Severin. 2012. Technology and Child Development\u00a0: Evidence from the one Laptop per child Program. Washington, DC, Inter-American Development Bank. ] IDB Working Paper, 304[<\/p>\n

– Sanchez and Salinas, 2008. ICT and Learning in Chilean schools\u00a0: Lessous learned. Coputers and Education, vol, 51, N\u00b0. 4 pp 1621-33.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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